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라우팅 프로토콜이란?
라우팅(Routeing)의 개념과 종류(RIP, IGP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP)
라우팅(Routing)이란?라우팅은 네트워크 안에서 통신 데이터를 보낼 때 최적의 경로를 선택하는 과정을 라우팅이라 부릅니다.여기서 최적의 경로라 함은, 데이터를 가장 짧은 거리 또는 가장 적은
networkinfracloud.tistory.com
RIPv2 실습
예상 구성도 작성
R1의 라우터R2와 통신하기 위한 인터페이스 설정
R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
PC0과 통신을 하기 위한 IP 대역과 게이트웨이 설정
R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2
R1(config-if)#ip add
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
RIPv2를 사용하기 위한 라우팅 프로토콜 실행, IP대역 설정
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary //v1은 사용불가, 자동 축약기능 해제
R1(config-router)#exit
R2에도 동일한 명령어를 넣어준다.
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int gi 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#route
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
R2(config-router)#no au
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#int gigabitEthernet 0/2
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
라우터끼리의 핑은 정상
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:24, GigabitEthernet0/0
------------------------------------
R2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2라우터 R1과 R2의 라우팅도 정상적으로 연결되어있으며 192.168.1 / 192.168.2 대역도 잘 보인다.
PC0과 PC1의 Ping 통신도 잘된다.
EIGRP 실습
예상 구성도 작성
라우터 R2와 통신하기 위한 설정, PC0과 통신하기 위한 설정
R1(config)#int gi 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ex
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config)#int gi 0/2
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
EIGRP 라우팅 프로토콜 사용을 위한 명령어, 라우팅 설정
R1(config)#router eigrp 64510
R1(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 //서브넷 마스크가 아닌 와일드 마스크를 사용한다.
R1(config-router)#net 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3
R1(config-router)#no au
R2도 R1과 통신하기 위한 명령어 PC1과 통신하기위한 명령어 입력
R2(config)#int gi 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int gi 0/2
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#route eigrp 64510
R2(config-router)#net 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3
R2(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 64510: Neighbor 10.1.1.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
// 반대편도 EIGRP 라우팅이기 때문에 Neighbor 찾았다는 알림
R2(config-router)#net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
R2(config-router)#no au
R2(config-router)#exit
R1 과 R2의 Ping 통신은 정상
EIGRP neighbor 연결 확인 및 라우팅 테이블 확인
R1#sh ip eigrp nei
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 64510
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 10.1.1.2 Gig0/0 13 00:02:44 40 1000 0 4
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/5376] via 10.1.1.2, 00:02:43, GigabitEthernet0/0
R1#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R2#sh ip eigrp nei
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 64510
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 10.1.1.1 Gig0/0 12 00:02:50 40 1000 0 3
R2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/5376] via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:55, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
R2#
PC0과 PC1과 Ping 통신 정상 확인
OSPF 실습
예상 구성도 작성
R2와 통신, PC0과 통신을 위한 명령어 설정
R1(config)#int gi 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int gi 0/2
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R2와 OSPF 라우팅 프로토콜을 사용하기 위한 설정
R1(config)#rout ospf 10
R1(config-router)#net 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 10 // 와일드 마스크를 사용한다.
R1(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 10
R2와 PC1과 통신을 위한 IP 설정, OSPF 라우팅 프로토콜 설정
R2(config)#int gi 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int gi 0/2
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#route ospf 10
R2(config-router)#net 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 10
R2(config-router)#net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 10
R2(config-router)#
00:08:45: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 192.168.1.254 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#
R1과 R2의 Ping 통신은 정상
R1과 R2의 OSPF neighbor 및 라우팅 테이블 확인
R1#sh ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
192.168.2.254 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:34 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:02:30, GigabitEthernet0/0
R1#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R2#sh ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
192.168.1.254 1 FULL/DR 00:00:32 10.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0
R2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:40, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
R2#
PC0과 PC1의 Ping 통신 확인
eBGP 실습
예상 구성도 작성(Loopback 미사용)
R1 인터페이스 설정
R1(config)#int gi 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int gi 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1 BGP 설정
R1(config)#route bgp 100
R1(config-router)#bgp router-id 10.1.1.1 // 관리용 설정 장애 처리시 유요함
R1(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 200 // 상대방 라우터 IP, AS 번호
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252 // 내가 가지고 있는 IP들 통신시 추가
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R2 인터페이스 설정
R2(config)#int gi 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int gi 0/2
R2(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.5 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Inte
rface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int gi 0/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2 BGP 설정
R2(config)#route bgp 200
R2(config-router)#bgp router-id 10.1.2.2
R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 100
R2(config-router)#%BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 1.1.1.1 Up
R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.6 remote-as 300
R2(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
R2(config-router)#network 1.1.1.4 mask 255.255.255.252
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
R2(config-router)#exit
R3 인터페이스 설정
R3(config)#int gi 0/2
R3(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.6 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#int gi 0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#exit
R3 BGP 설정
R3(config)#route bgp 300
R3(config-router)#bgp router-id 10.1.3.3
R3(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.5 remote-as 200
R3(config-router)#%BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 1.1.1.5 Up
R3(config-router)#network 1.1.1.4 mask 255.255.255.252
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 mask 255.255.255.0
R3(config-router)#exit
R1, R2, R3 BGP, 라우팅 테이블 확인
R1#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 10.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 1.1.1.2 0 0 0 200 i
*> 1.1.1.4/30 1.1.1.2 0 0 0 200 i
*> 192.168.10.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.20.0/24 1.1.1.2 0 0 0 200 i
*> 192.168.30.0/24 1.1.1.2 0 0 0 200 300 i
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C 1.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B 1.1.1.4/30 [20/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:00
192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 192.168.10.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
B 192.168.20.0/24 [20/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:00
B 192.168.30.0/24 [20/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:00
R1#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R2#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 10.1.2.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* 1.1.1.0/30 1.1.1.1 0 0 0 100 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 1.1.1.4/30 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 1.1.1.6 0 0 0 300 i
*> 192.168.10.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 0 0 100 i
*> 192.168.20.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.30.0/24 1.1.1.6 0 0 0 300 i
R2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks
C 1.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 1.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
C 1.1.1.4/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 1.1.1.5/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
B 192.168.10.0/24 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:00
192.168.20.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 192.168.20.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
B 192.168.30.0/24 [20/0] via 1.1.1.6, 00:00:00
R2#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R3#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 7, local router ID is 10.1.3.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.0/30 1.1.1.5 0 0 0 200 i
* 1.1.1.4/30 1.1.1.5 0 0 0 200 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.10.0/24 1.1.1.5 0 0 0 200 100 i
*> 192.168.20.0/24 1.1.1.5 0 0 0 200 i
*> 192.168.30.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
R3#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
B 1.1.1.0/30 [20/0] via 1.1.1.5, 00:00:00
C 1.1.1.4/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 1.1.1.6/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
B 192.168.10.0/24 [20/0] via 1.1.1.5, 00:00:00
B 192.168.20.0/24 [20/0] via 1.1.1.5, 00:00:00
192.168.30.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 192.168.30.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
R3#
R1 과 R3 Ping 통신 확인
PC10, PC20, PC30 각 Ping 통신 확인
iBGP 실습 (패킷 트레이서는 iBGP 미 지원으로 대체 GNS3)
예상 구성도 구성
R1 인터페이스 설정, BGP 설정
R1(config)#int serial 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router bgp 100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 100
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
R1(config-router)#exit
R2 인터페이스 설정, BGP 설정
R2(config)#int se 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int se 0/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.5 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router bgp 100
R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 100
*Mar 1 00:06:23.444: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down
*Mar 1 00:06:23.893: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 1.1.1.1 Up
R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.6 remote-as 100
R2(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
R2(config-router)#network 1.1.1.4 mask 255.255.255.252
R2(config-router)#exit
R3 인터페이스 설정 BGP 설정
R3(config)#int se 0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.6 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router bgp
*Mar 1 00:08:52.881: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:08:53.891: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up
R3(config)#router bgp 100
R3(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.5 remote-as 100
*Mar 1 00:09:13.262: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 1.1.1.5 Up
R3(config-router)#network 1.1.1.4 mask 255.255.255.252
R3(config-router)#exit
R1, R2, R3 BGP, 라우팅 테이블 확인
R1#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i1.1.1.0/30 1.1.1.2 0 100 0 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*>i1.1.1.4/30 1.1.1.2 0 100 0 i
R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
B 1.1.1.4 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:50
R1#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R2#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 1.1.1.5
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* i 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
* i1.1.1.4/30 1.1.1.6 0 100 0 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 1.1.1.4 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R2#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R3#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 1.1.1.6
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i1.1.1.0/30 1.1.1.5 0 100 0 i
*> 1.1.1.4/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* i 1.1.1.5 0 100 0 i
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
B 1.1.1.0 [200/0] via 1.1.1.5, 00:02:43
C 1.1.1.4 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R3#
OSPF - eBGP - EIGRP 재분배 실습
예상 구성도 작성
R1-1 과 R1-2는 OSPF 결합을 완료한 상태
R2-1 과 R2-2는 EIGRP 결합을 완료한 상태
R1-1, R2-1는 각각 인터페이스 IP 부여만 완료한 상태
R1-1 루프백 생성, BGP 구성
R1-1(config)#int lo 0
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R1-1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 // next-hop-self 를 위한 루프백 ip 구성
R1-1(config-if)#exit
R1-1(config)#route bgp 100
R1-1(config-router)#bgp route
R1-1(config-router)#bgp router-id 10.1.1.1
R1-1(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 200
R1-1(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.2 next-hop-self
R1-1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
R1-1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255 // 광고를 위한 대역 추가
R1-1(config-router)#exit
R2-1 루프백 생성, BGP 구성
R2-1(config)#int lo 0
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R2-1(config-if)#ip add 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2-1(config-if)#exit
R2-1(config)#route bgp 200
R2-1(config-router)#bgp router-id 10.2.2.2
R2-1(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 100
R2-1(config-router)#%BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 1.1.1.1 Up
R2-1(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 next-hop-self
R2-1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
R2-1(config-router)#network 10.2.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255
R2-1(config-router)#exit
R1-1, R2-1 BGP, 라우팅 테이블 확인
R1-1#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 10.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 1.1.1.2 0 0 0 200 i
*> 2.2.2.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 10.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 10.2.2.2/32 1.1.1.2 0 0 0 200 i
R1-1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 1.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 2.2.2.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 2.2.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
B 10.2.2.2/32 [20/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:00
R1-1#
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R2-1#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 10.2.2.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* 1.1.1.0/30 1.1.1.1 0 0 0 100 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 2.2.2.0/30 1.1.1.1 0 0 0 100 ?
*> 10.1.1.1/32 1.1.1.1 0 0 0 100 i
*> 10.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
R2-1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 1.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 1.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
2.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 2.2.2.0/30 [20/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:00
3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 3.3.3.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 3.3.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
B 10.1.1.1/32 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:00
C 10.2.2.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2-1#
R1-1 과 R2-1 루프백 대역으로 Ping 통신
R1-1 과 R1-2 BGP <-> OSPF 재분배 구성
R1-1(config)#router ospf 10
R1-1(config-router)#redistribute bgp 100 subnets // BGP를 OSPF로 재분배
R1-1(config-router)#exit
R1-1(config)#router bgp 100
R1-1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 10 // OSPF를 BGP로 재분배
R1-1(config-router)#
R2-1 과 R2-2 BGP <-> EIGRP 재분배 구성
R2-1(config)#router eigrp 10
R2-1(config-router)#redistribute bgp 200 // BGP를 EIGRP로 재분배
R2-1(config-router)#exit
R2-1(config)#router bgp 200
R2-1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 10 // EIGRP를 BGP로 재분배
R2-1(config-router)#exit
R1-2와 R2-2의 라우팅 테이블 확인
R1-2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 2.2.2.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 2.2.2.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
3.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 3.3.3.0/30 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:01, GigabitEthernet0/2
10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 10.2.2.2/32 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:01, GigabitEthernet0/2
R1-2#
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R2-2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX 2.2.2.0/30 [170/5376] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:23, GigabitEthernet0/2
3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 3.3.3.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L 3.3.3.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
R2-2#
R1-2 와 R2-2의 Ping 통신 확인
VLAN(Access, Trunk) 실습
VLAN이란? VLAN(Virtual LAN)의 개념VLAN이란?컴퓨터 네트웤크에서 여러 개의 구별되는 브로드캐스트 도메일을 만들기 위해 단일 2 계층 네트워크를 분할할 수 있는데, 분할된 패킷들은 하나 이상의 라
networkinfracloud.tistory.com
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